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THE WORLD AT WAR
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THE "MAKING OF" OF THE SERIES
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To tell the story
of the Second World War
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in 26 hours of television film,
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each program will be a dissertation
about one aspect of the war.
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We will address
both the fighting,
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how social experiences
and policies of the countries involved.
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We will present
Britain's war,
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we will compare and contrast it
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with effort and suffering
from other nations.
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We want to captivate different audiences
of various age groups
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and present events
to those who lived them,
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if possible
from a new perspective,
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and their children, free from the cape
of nostalgia for another generation.
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We don't want to omit anything that
had extreme consequences,
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but much will have to be left aside,
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because we don't want to condense
too much in the little time available.
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We want to produce programs
worth seeing
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and may they help us understand
the times we live in.
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This is what my colleagues and I
from Thames Television
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we intend to achieve
with "The World at War".
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The series has already been purchased
and seen around the world.
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In the USA, since it was finished,
It never went out of broadcast again.
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It's about the production of the series
that I'm going to tell you.
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In 1939 I was 7 years old.
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Most people
who worked with me on the series
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they were younger than me,
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and were born, as more than three quarters
of today's Germans and Japanese,
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after the war started
or even after it has finished.
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We were few who knew
something about the war.
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With a generation separating us,
we were not interested
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in yet another old story
of soldiers of our fathers.
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Old people forget,
especially when it's hard to remember.
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But in Britain there were many
with good memories of the war.
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They remembered the enthusiasm, the
danger, camaraderie, fun.
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But Britain
was bombed,
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it was not invaded or occupied,
not even conquered.
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Britain's war was not
that of Poland nor that of Russia.
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The Desert Rats of the Afrika Korps
shared a common experience.
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Their war was clean,
no civilians to get in the way.
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Their war was very different
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of the Polish war,
Yugoslavs or Ukrainians,
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who suffered under the troops
of the Gestapo and the SS.
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The majority of our production team
was British,
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but we tried to do justice
It is the cruelest experience of others.
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There was bravery,
heroism and even glory,
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but the Second World War
caused enormous suffering
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and cost many millions of lives.
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It was important that the series started
just as we wanted to move forward
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and "The World at War"
It started like this.
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On this road,
on a summer day in 1944,
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the soldiers arrived.
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Nobody lives here anymore.
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They remained
just a few hours.
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After they leave,
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a community that existed
for a thousand years it had perished.
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We are in Oradour-sur-Glane,
in France.
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On the day the soldiers arrived,
the population was gathered.
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The men were taken
for garages and farms,
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women and children
followed this street
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and were conducted
to this church.
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Here they heard the shooting,
in which their husbands died.
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Then they were also killed.
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A few weeks later,
many of those they killed,
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they had also died in battle.
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Oradour was never rebuilt.
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Its ruins
they are a memorial.
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His martyrdom represents thousands
and thousands of other martyrdoms
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in Poland, Russia,
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in Burma, China,
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in a world at war.
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THE WORLD AT WAR
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We start working
in April 1971.
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It was the right time.
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Some vital witnesses have already
they had passed away when we started
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and everyone was getting old.
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Our researchers
often heard:
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"If you had called
last week..."
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An individual they were looking for
he had died just a few days before.
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The first problem we face
What we found was what to leave out.
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It wasn't possible, there was no space
in 26 hours of television broadcasting
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to do justice to everyone.
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I'm not a military historian.
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I asked our History consultant,
Dr. Nobre Frankland,
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then director
of the Imperial War Museum,
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to write on a sheet of paper,
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having finished
for using an envelope,
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maximum 15 decisive campaigns
that I couldn't omit.
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I wish every film we made
tell just one story,
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like in good movies.
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And asked for a list
of just fifteen military themes,
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because he had other plans
for the remaining twelve programs.
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A program
it would be about the causes of war.
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Another would only treat
of the consequences.
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There would be programs about
the economy and politics of war
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and each person's state of mind
of the five main players:
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USA, Great Britain, Germany,
Japan and the Soviet Union.
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The Second World War
it was a total war.
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Civilians were present
on the front line,
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in factories
and within range of bombs.
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They suffered so many casualties
like the men and women in uniform.
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In the First World War,
according to A.G.P. Taylor,
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the news that a family member
had died,
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arrived via telegram
straight from the front,
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informing a wife
who would stay alive.
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In World War II,
the opposite often happened.
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The detached British soldier
in Africa, Italy or France,
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was informed through
of a letter coming from your country,
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that your parents or wife
had been killed
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in the Blitz against London,
Coventry or Plymouth.
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Many of the German fighters who
were for example on the eastern front,
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will have been informed
who had lost their families
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in the fires of Hamburg,
Cologne and Dresden,
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and maybe they would start fighting
with even more commitment.
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There would be a program
about Occupied Europe.
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The moral choices faced
by those who lived under tyranny,
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exert a great fascination on
me and, I think, about all of us.
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What would I have done,
we ask ourselves.
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I would have spoken, acted,
risked my life?
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I would have risked my life
family? Would you remain silent?
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I wouldn't do anything
Or maybe it would help?
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In Nazi Occupied Europe
everyone had to make a choice.
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We were going to have a program
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what the doctrine of supremacy
racial Nazi did to the Jews.
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This is not a military theme,
does not appear in military histories,
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but I couldn't leave him out.
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Our History consultant
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wrote a list of military themes
essentials on a sheet of paper.
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It contained
Germany's attack on Poland;
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Germany's attack on the West
leading to the fall of France;
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the battle of England;
the German invasion of Russia;
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Pearl Harbour;
the Japanese "cleansing" of Singapore;
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the battles of the atlantic war
against the German submarine;
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the war in the Western Desert;
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00:09:30,087 --> 00:09:33,682
Stalingrad, the first
great defeat for Germany;
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Allied air raid on Germany
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and the great victories
of Russia 1943,
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namely that of Koursk, the largest
tank battle of History.
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It was obvious
that one of the objectives of the series
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would make people aware
the importance of the Eastern Front;
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of the immense Russian and German casualties
that occurred there,
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battles in which millions
fought on both sides.
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00:10:01,247 --> 00:10:05,240
Two-thirds of German soldiers
fought on the Eastern Front.
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00:10:06,567 --> 00:10:08,239
The campaign in Italy;
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the invasion of the allies in Europe,
in Normandy, in June 1944;
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the ground raid on Germany itself,
in the battle to conquer Berlin;
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the air war in the Pacific;
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American industrial power,
as well as Russian troops
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who secured victory in both
the wars, in Europe and Asia;
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the launching of the atomic bomb.
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Each of these major themes
it would only be an hour.
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Burma was included,
because it was already forgotten
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and it looked different.
The film submerged in the monsoon.
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But there was no space
to Abyssinia, Syria, or Dachau
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and there would only be a reference
to Dieppe and the Arctic trains
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and nothing about Yugoslavia,
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in which a million and a half lost their lives
in civil war and resistance.
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And nothing would be said about
the fate of European gypsies,
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almost exterminated.
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There would be no movie
over Poland,
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although, according to certain estimates,
1 in 3 Poles had died.
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We would not be able to treat
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the experiences
of some regiments or divisions.
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However, when we finished,
a lot of people wrote to us to say
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that had belonged
to the best air squadron
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or combat regiment
during the Second World War.
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Our style would be simple,
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no narration for the cameras,
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nor authority to
manipulate the viewer's vision,
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just like I'm looking
for you at this moment.
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No need to appeal
to a direct piece for the camera
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when reporting the History of the 20th century,
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because there are many documents
and eyewitnesses.
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It's not so easy anymore
regarding previous centuries.
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We didn't even want to venture into the
dangerous terrain of reconstructions.
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In case there are no records
visuals of an event,
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We were looking for eyewitnesses.
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If none were suitable
to report the story on television,
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or if we didn't find
another reliable way to report it,
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Maybe we had to choose to let
aside from the topic in question.
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The Resistance in Europe
suffered as an entity,
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but there are no images that portray him,
That's why we hardly touched on the topic.
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Battles at sea
were also quite intense.
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There are few audiovisual records
of battles at sea,
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as well as
of battles fought at night.
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That's why we turned to
to diagrams and graphs
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to represent an attack
submarine to a convoy of ships.
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Our rules were as follows:
don't invent, don't reconstitute,
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do not use material
which we knew to have been reconstituted,
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unless it was
even necessary,
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and, in this case, informing
that we had done it.
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When the German army
closed the siege on Von Paulus
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and the 6th - German army
in Stalingrad,
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there are footage
showing two armies
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to advance towards each other,
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in long lines through the snow,
in the style of Eisenstein,
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greeting each other
with gentle hugs,
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right in front of the Soviet chamber
of Current Affairs.
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We said where we wanted to go
when using the footage.
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For the movie
over the western desert,
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we don't use
the filming of the victory in the desert
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which were filmed in Pinewood.
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We were a little reluctant,
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but sometimes we use
battle footage
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in which the chamber
it was strangely stable
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or seemed secure in a position
supposedly dangerous.
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We met some followers
by Robin Hood
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who fought from Alamein to Tennis
and from Anzio to Rome.
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But one of the most
scary was with the "Pathe Gazette".
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We were taken out of...
At the time we were already out.
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Unused Part of the Interview
212
00:14:00,247 --> 00:14:03,319
Of course the...
I don't remember which officer he was.
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00:14:03,527 --> 00:14:06,997
It highlighted so many of us
to go to a location in a truck
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00:14:07,207 --> 00:14:08,606
and when we got there he gave us...
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Said, "Put this on."
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They were green German uniforms
and Nazi helmets.
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What the hell was that, I thought.
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Would they put us back together?
on the German front?
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He said everything was fine.
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He said, "Take that."
He gave us a box of rockets.
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He gave us some explosives,
that's what they called themselves.
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He told us to go to the woods
and act like Germans.
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When a platoon
try to capture you,
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throw those explosives.
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As soon as you see them approaching,
throw the explosives.
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It is clear that the British squad
captured us.
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We all left the forest with an air of
who was scared to death,
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with hands in the air.
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And there was an individual
on top of the truck
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with a camera
from the "Pathe Gazette".
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00:15:04,687 --> 00:15:08,362
It became British news
and it will have been shown at the cinema at home.
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The reconstruction of History on film
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00:15:11,527 --> 00:15:14,837
not only is it illusory, but
that is properly classified,
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00:15:15,047 --> 00:15:19,165
but also devalues the material
true used together.
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There was a lot of footage.
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00:15:21,567 --> 00:15:24,798
The Imperial War Museum told us
own 20 million feet.
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They expected us to see
everything and make a report.
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00:15:28,687 --> 00:15:31,406
Obviously we didn't have time
to do so.
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On the one hand, because it was a lot,
240
00:15:33,567 --> 00:15:36,684
on the other, why envision
films stored in safes
241
00:15:36,887 --> 00:15:41,085
it was an uncomfortable process,
although, deep down, productive.
242
00:15:42,327 --> 00:15:44,636
The camera doesn't lie,
243
00:15:44,847 --> 00:15:47,964
but whoever uses the footage,
especially in time of war,
244
00:15:48,167 --> 00:15:50,681
are so frank
like any of us.
245
00:15:51,287 --> 00:15:53,562
Current Affairs
of the Second World War
246
00:15:53,767 --> 00:15:56,122
were made by brave people
camera operators,
247
00:15:56,327 --> 00:15:58,124
using bulky equipment.
248
00:15:58,327 --> 00:16:01,797
35mm cameras,
often with tripods.
249
00:16:02,007 --> 00:16:05,317
There were many operators
cameramen who lost their lives.
250
00:16:05,847 --> 00:16:10,079
But it is important to remember that the material
which they bravely filmed,
251
00:16:10,127 --> 00:16:13,358
was assembled
and censored in the editing
252
00:16:13,527 --> 00:16:16,360
in order to reveal only
what the Government wanted.
253
00:16:17,167 --> 00:16:19,886
Propaganda to cheer up the country,
254
00:16:20,127 --> 00:16:23,517
seduce the neutrals
and scare the enemy.
255
00:16:24,367 --> 00:16:26,835
See two examples of footage,
256
00:16:27,047 --> 00:16:30,960
one British, one German,
in the summer of 1940.
257
00:16:31,167 --> 00:16:32,998
France had surrendered.
258
00:16:52,527 --> 00:16:54,199
Hitler in July 1940
259
00:16:54,407 --> 00:16:56,762
returning triumphant from France,
260
00:16:56,967 --> 00:16:59,037
he was at the height of his power.
261
00:17:23,047 --> 00:17:26,323
The speed and firmness of victories
They even scared away their generals.
262
00:17:26,847 --> 00:17:30,442
The doubts were clarified,
the opposition could be neglected.
263
00:17:34,167 --> 00:17:37,000
It would have been at this moment
that Hitler confided in them
264
00:17:37,207 --> 00:17:39,596
then
it would be Russia's turn.
265
00:17:47,167 --> 00:17:48,919
The British were prepared
for the invasion.
266
00:17:51,847 --> 00:17:54,919
The foot soldiers
they now move differently.
267
00:17:55,127 --> 00:17:57,800
Instead of walking, they passed
to have a latest generation motorcycle.
268
00:17:58,007 --> 00:17:59,645
The ''left, right'' boys
269
00:17:59,847 --> 00:18:01,997
they took both feet off the ground
at the same time.
270
00:18:02,207 --> 00:18:04,596
They belong to powerful officials
motor vehicles from Great Britain,
271
00:18:04,807 --> 00:18:06,126
looking forward to welcoming Adolfo,
272
00:18:06,327 --> 00:18:09,046
when he appears
for tea and scones.
273
00:18:09,247 --> 00:18:11,886
An infantry battalion
on wheels is an exercise,
274
00:18:12,087 --> 00:18:16,000
an attacking force on the move
which will not be good for the enemy.
275
00:18:16,447 --> 00:18:18,563
And they learned to deal
with difficulties
276
00:18:18,767 --> 00:18:20,997
in circumstances that may
find in active service.
277
00:18:21,207 --> 00:18:22,560
Up and down,
278
00:18:22,767 --> 00:18:24,962
but unlike the Huns,
are always on the right path.
279
00:18:25,927 --> 00:18:29,203
Always on the right path,
tea and scones.
280
00:18:29,727 --> 00:18:32,116
I don't know what these comments
did to the enemy,
281
00:18:32,327 --> 00:18:34,045
but they scared me!
282
00:18:34,767 --> 00:18:37,406
Although we add
comments on the German filming,
283
00:18:37,607 --> 00:18:39,643
to be integrated
in our narrative,
284
00:18:39,847 --> 00:18:43,203
can easily understand
the intention of each of them.
285
00:18:43,407 --> 00:18:46,240
The Germans
show Hitler triumphant.
286
00:18:46,447 --> 00:18:49,678
The German nation as we know it
Now, he is very confident.
287
00:18:49,887 --> 00:18:53,562
The British whistling
absurd to keep one's spirits up.
288
00:18:53,767 --> 00:18:57,282
Anthony Eden told us that there was no
tanks in southeast England.
289
00:18:58,007 --> 00:19:00,965
The contrast of style
It's interesting.
290
00:19:01,167 --> 00:19:05,001
Nazi Germany had perfected
the art of propaganda films,
291
00:19:05,207 --> 00:19:09,200
to serve as a political instrument
to unite the German people to their leader.
292
00:19:09,967 --> 00:19:13,004
A Profusion of Techniques
camera and assembly
293
00:19:13,207 --> 00:19:16,597
which culminated in "Triumph of
Will", were applied here.
294
00:19:17,487 --> 00:19:21,366
We would have to use Current Affairs,
because without them there would be no series.
295
00:19:21,887 --> 00:19:24,355
But we try to use them
in a judicious manner.
296
00:19:24,567 --> 00:19:27,445
Taking into account that the war
that the footage presented
297
00:19:27,647 --> 00:19:29,956
It is an acceptable war.
298
00:19:30,167 --> 00:19:33,079
They don't show blood,
no injuries,
299
00:19:33,287 --> 00:19:35,801
nor do they scream in pain
300
00:19:36,007 --> 00:19:38,043
or the stench of corpses.
301
00:19:39,007 --> 00:19:42,238
Most of the filming is done
by winning armies.
302
00:19:42,647 --> 00:19:45,684
Show the victories,
but not the costs.
303
00:19:46,607 --> 00:19:49,519
By chance, the Current Affairs
of the Second World War
304
00:19:49,727 --> 00:19:53,879
show more preparation for
the battle than the battle itself.
305
00:19:54,407 --> 00:19:57,126
Show
our men in victory
306
00:19:57,327 --> 00:19:58,919
and their boys in defeat,
307
00:19:59,127 --> 00:20:02,085
many prisoners
and few captors.
308
00:20:02,287 --> 00:20:04,437
They show how they deal with death.
309
00:20:04,647 --> 00:20:07,400
Gun shots,
planes crashing,
310
00:20:07,607 --> 00:20:09,086
launching bombs...
311
00:20:09,287 --> 00:20:12,563
Current Affairs does not show
the dead and dying.
312
00:20:12,767 --> 00:20:15,884
Censors normally
cut these parts out.
313
00:20:16,847 --> 00:20:20,317
The most reliable are the footage
no operator editing
314
00:20:20,527 --> 00:20:22,006
if we can get them,
315
00:20:22,207 --> 00:20:25,483
that is, the raw material
that the editor, under supervision,
316
00:20:25,687 --> 00:20:28,804
will cut in shape
keep it short, concise and direct
317
00:20:29,007 --> 00:20:32,761
and add effects, music and narration
and then get to the screen.
318
00:20:33,807 --> 00:20:36,275
Most unedited footage
of operators is destroyed,
319
00:20:36,487 --> 00:20:37,715
but some survive.
320
00:20:37,927 --> 00:20:40,202
After the Germans
and his years of victory,
321
00:20:40,407 --> 00:20:42,602
the best footage
of the Second World War
322
00:20:42,807 --> 00:20:44,638
were made by another great nation
323
00:20:44,847 --> 00:20:47,566
with a cinematographic culture
advanced: the USA.
324
00:20:47,767 --> 00:20:51,965
Let's see the marines
in February 1945, on Iwo Jima.
325
00:21:05,767 --> 00:21:07,439
As you've already noticed...
326
00:21:12,007 --> 00:21:13,645
� silent...
327
00:21:16,647 --> 00:21:20,959
A radio journalist could
have used a microphone on this beach,
328
00:21:21,687 --> 00:21:24,599
but the camera operator
did well without it.
329
00:21:28,047 --> 00:21:31,517
For when someone
were to make use of it,
330
00:21:31,727 --> 00:21:34,605
a narration and probably
a strident song,
331
00:21:34,807 --> 00:21:36,604
would have been added.
332
00:21:44,207 --> 00:21:46,596
It all seems clumsy.
333
00:21:59,967 --> 00:22:01,195
It was filmed in color.
334
00:22:01,407 --> 00:22:04,956
Americans, especially
in the last 18 months of war,
335
00:22:05,167 --> 00:22:07,317
they filmed practically everything in color.
336
00:22:46,207 --> 00:22:48,437
There are bombs,
but no noises can be heard.
337
00:22:48,647 --> 00:22:50,717
The noises
are added later.
338
00:22:52,407 --> 00:22:53,635
In our work,
339
00:22:53,847 --> 00:22:57,601
we try to maintain imperfection,
the repetition of filming,
340
00:22:58,407 --> 00:23:00,967
making them match their voices
of those who were there
341
00:23:01,167 --> 00:23:04,239
and who he remembered
of the chaos and hell that was.
342
00:23:06,207 --> 00:23:08,516
On television it is not common
see unedited footage.
343
00:23:09,087 --> 00:23:11,157
If we had
more unedited footage
344
00:23:11,367 --> 00:23:14,359
we had shown them
especially in the first episodes,
345
00:23:14,567 --> 00:23:16,046
a not so clean war.
346
00:23:17,487 --> 00:23:20,877
When they saw "The World at War"
they won't be seeing my work,
347
00:23:21,087 --> 00:23:24,079
but rather the effort of many,
around 50 people,
348
00:23:24,287 --> 00:23:26,357
who worked together
for three years.
349
00:23:26,567 --> 00:23:28,523
Writers, producers,
researchers,
350
00:23:28,727 --> 00:23:31,446
image technicians,
image and sound editors
351
00:23:31,647 --> 00:23:33,319
and a sound engineer.
352
00:23:33,527 --> 00:23:37,440
See how the filming turned out
without editing, after treated.
353
00:23:37,647 --> 00:23:41,037
All the sounds you hear,
we were the ones who added it.
354
00:23:41,807 --> 00:23:45,117
It was June 1944,
in the Mariana Islands,
355
00:23:45,327 --> 00:23:49,957
and this is our version of the great
air battle in the Philippine Sea.
356
00:23:50,207 --> 00:23:51,560
The first footage is fake.
357
00:24:22,847 --> 00:24:24,439
Many Japanese pilots
358
00:24:24,647 --> 00:24:26,956
they were newbies
no battle experience.
359
00:24:30,447 --> 00:24:33,325
Their aircraft
were poorly equipped.
360
00:24:36,007 --> 00:24:38,760
American aviators
they stinged their enemies.
361
00:24:38,967 --> 00:24:41,435
It was as easy as killing turkeys.
362
00:25:01,447 --> 00:25:02,960
After the first confrontation
363
00:25:03,167 --> 00:25:05,727
all the planes returned
Americans, except one.
364
00:25:31,447 --> 00:25:33,165
With more ammunition and fuel,
365
00:25:33,367 --> 00:25:35,562
the Americans were ready
for the next Japanese attack.
366
00:25:35,767 --> 00:25:38,327
But there was still
two attacks to face.
367
00:25:38,527 --> 00:25:42,406
However, Americans
they had almost 900 aircraft carriers,
368
00:25:42,607 --> 00:25:44,120
twice as many as the Japanese.
369
00:25:48,927 --> 00:25:52,442
The ''attack on turkeys'' on the islands
Marianas lasted just eight hours.
370
00:25:54,607 --> 00:25:58,885
In one day, Japanese air power
would be virtually destroyed.
371
00:26:00,287 --> 00:26:03,882
The total of 430 planes
has been reduced to about 100.
372
00:26:15,847 --> 00:26:18,042
Comparatively,
American damage was slight.
373
00:26:18,967 --> 00:26:21,117
The pilots were more important
than planes.
374
00:26:52,727 --> 00:26:55,002
I hope you noticed
the difference
375
00:26:55,207 --> 00:26:57,277
from the movie we just saw
376
00:26:57,487 --> 00:27:00,684
and unedited footage
what we started with,
377
00:27:00,887 --> 00:27:04,004
from which we take the sound
before starting work.
378
00:27:04,807 --> 00:27:09,323
Sometimes exceptions appeared,
films that didn't need editing
379
00:27:09,527 --> 00:27:12,360
and which were used as they were,
like unedited footage.
380
00:27:12,567 --> 00:27:14,285
The next clip
381
00:27:14,487 --> 00:27:18,275
it was used for a film I made
in the series finale called "Remember".
382
00:27:18,487 --> 00:27:20,603
Our footage researcher,
Ray Farr,
383
00:27:20,807 --> 00:27:23,924
found it in some cans
in a corner of the Koblenz archive,
384
00:27:24,127 --> 00:27:25,560
where no one else had looked for them.
385
00:27:25,767 --> 00:27:27,200
Filming was done
386
00:27:27,407 --> 00:27:29,921
by a German camera operator
in Russia, not at the front,
387
00:27:30,127 --> 00:27:33,403
but calmly positioned
in the rear of the German lines.
388
00:27:33,607 --> 00:27:35,484
And there's no sound either.
389
00:27:43,327 --> 00:27:45,795
We think
that this exceptional operator
390
00:27:46,007 --> 00:27:48,680
had a license to film
anything that interests you.
391
00:27:49,327 --> 00:27:52,046
Maybe one day
intended to make a documentary.
392
00:27:59,767 --> 00:28:04,204
It seems to us that two soldiers
and a corporal, in this village,
393
00:28:04,647 --> 00:28:06,956
are separating men
of women and children,
394
00:28:07,167 --> 00:28:09,078
that is, dividing families.
395
00:28:21,727 --> 00:28:24,287
Men, or perhaps women,
396
00:28:24,487 --> 00:28:26,876
are being chosen
for forced labor.
397
00:28:27,087 --> 00:28:28,281
I believe...
398
00:28:30,727 --> 00:28:34,686
In any case, they seem to think
that they will never see each other again.
399
00:29:11,207 --> 00:29:13,880
If you notice well,
In a little while, you'll see a dog.
400
00:29:15,367 --> 00:29:17,927
We pay attention to dogs
in unedited footage.
401
00:29:26,047 --> 00:29:29,517
There he is
and no barking is heard.
402
00:29:33,727 --> 00:29:37,242
Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill
had died,
403
00:29:37,447 --> 00:29:39,483
therefore they were not available
for an interview.
404
00:29:39,687 --> 00:29:42,201
The marshals had published
your memories
405
00:29:42,407 --> 00:29:44,204
and they had little more to add.
406
00:29:44,407 --> 00:29:47,956
The witnesses we seek,
were of lower rank.
407
00:29:48,167 --> 00:29:50,237
From your personal experiences,
408
00:29:50,447 --> 00:29:53,757
we were interested
in simple men and women.
409
00:29:53,967 --> 00:29:57,118
Could you tell us
what had happened to them.
410
00:29:57,327 --> 00:29:59,045
To our narrative
411
00:29:59,247 --> 00:30:01,681
we needed witnesses
of great events.
412
00:30:01,887 --> 00:30:03,878
The man who was always
next to the commander,
413
00:30:04,087 --> 00:30:06,681
the individual in the personal office
of the head of state.
414
00:30:06,887 --> 00:30:10,038
Our researchers
they got a long list.
415
00:30:10,247 --> 00:30:14,365
Churchill's personal secretary,
Roosevelt and Truman's aides,
416
00:30:14,567 --> 00:30:16,637
members of the council of ministers
by Hirohito,
417
00:30:16,847 --> 00:30:20,078
Eisenhower's mistress,
Hitler's typist,
418
00:30:20,287 --> 00:30:22,243
Himmler's officer.
419
00:30:22,447 --> 00:30:25,484
Some historians doubt
the capacity of televisions
420
00:30:25,687 --> 00:30:28,759
to deal with these witnesses
as working material.
421
00:30:29,647 --> 00:30:31,478
We have to do our best
422
00:30:31,687 --> 00:30:33,837
and compare
what the witnesses say
423
00:30:34,047 --> 00:30:35,878
with what other people say.
424
00:30:36,247 --> 00:30:39,045
Let's listen
the late John P. McCloy.
425
00:30:39,247 --> 00:30:41,966
America was about
to defeat Japan.
426
00:30:42,527 --> 00:30:45,087
We gather the documents
and we started to leave.
427
00:30:45,287 --> 00:30:47,243
Mr. Truman saw me and said:
428
00:30:47,447 --> 00:30:51,520
"Mr. McCoy, no one leaves this room
without voting, without expressing themselves.
429
00:30:51,727 --> 00:30:55,436
Secretary Minister of War - 1945
Do you think I have an alternative?"
430
00:30:56,487 --> 00:30:59,320
I looked at Colonel Stimson...
431
00:30:59,847 --> 00:31:01,599
I liked being called colonel.
432
00:31:01,807 --> 00:31:04,002
He was colonel of a regiment
in the First World War.
433
00:31:04,207 --> 00:31:07,358
I looked at Stimson,
434
00:31:07,567 --> 00:31:09,683
he nodded
and said, "Speak."
435
00:31:09,887 --> 00:31:11,798
So I said...
436
00:31:13,687 --> 00:31:15,837
what did you think
that we would be crazy
437
00:31:16,047 --> 00:31:20,438
If at that time we didn't think
in political terms,
438
00:31:20,647 --> 00:31:22,126
as much as in military terms.
439
00:31:25,087 --> 00:31:26,805
He said he presented conditions,
440
00:31:27,007 --> 00:31:29,521
sent the message
with all our conditions.
441
00:31:30,287 --> 00:31:34,599
I remember Mr. Truman said:
"What are your conditions?"
442
00:31:34,807 --> 00:31:38,766
I wasn't exactly prepared
to list the terms of surrender,
443
00:31:38,967 --> 00:31:40,685
But then I started saying...
444
00:31:40,887 --> 00:31:43,879
First he said they could stay
with MacArthur,
445
00:31:44,087 --> 00:31:46,362
but it would have to be
a constitutional monarch.
446
00:31:46,567 --> 00:31:49,525
From now on they would have to have a
representative form of government,
447
00:31:49,727 --> 00:31:52,195
could have access,
but don't control,
448
00:31:52,407 --> 00:31:56,366
on the raw material, so
to have a viable economy.
449
00:31:56,567 --> 00:31:58,603
He said it the best way he knew how.
450
00:31:58,807 --> 00:32:01,037
Furthermore,
we have a new strength
451
00:32:01,247 --> 00:32:04,125
in other words, a new type of energy...
452
00:32:06,607 --> 00:32:08,882
that will revolutionize warfare,
453
00:32:09,087 --> 00:32:12,397
This is destruction
no comparison and I mentioned the bomb.
454
00:32:13,807 --> 00:32:19,006
Mention the bomb even among
that select group, it was as if...
455
00:32:19,207 --> 00:32:22,563
They were all shocked, because
the secret was well kept.
456
00:32:23,407 --> 00:32:27,685
It was like talking about skulls and bones
at Yale, something that was not possible.
457
00:32:29,967 --> 00:32:33,482
Mr. Truman said, "That's right
kind of approach I want.
458
00:32:33,687 --> 00:32:35,325
Spill everything!"
459
00:32:35,727 --> 00:32:39,163
At that moment, Stimson
also joined the conversation.
460
00:32:39,367 --> 00:32:42,757
Later, Mr. Burns,
then Secretary of State,
461
00:32:42,967 --> 00:32:48,405
who was not present, vetoed
the idea of offering MacArthur.
462
00:32:49,327 --> 00:32:52,876
We can only speculate
as to what could have happened
463
00:32:53,807 --> 00:32:57,925
if the message had arrived
to the Japanese government,
464
00:32:58,127 --> 00:33:00,243
with what I indicated,
including MacArthur.
465
00:33:00,447 --> 00:33:04,360
I always thought
that if we had the information
466
00:33:05,247 --> 00:33:11,846
that there was a tendency on the part of
some impetuous Japanese military
467
00:33:12,047 --> 00:33:14,242
to find
that this would be the best way out,
468
00:33:14,447 --> 00:33:18,838
maybe that way we could
prevent the bomb from launching.
469
00:33:19,247 --> 00:33:21,397
Mr. McCoy seems blunt to me.
470
00:33:22,087 --> 00:33:24,476
One of our researchers,
Sue McConeky,
471
00:33:24,687 --> 00:33:27,963
who speaks German fluently, was
tasked with the most difficult task:
472
00:33:28,167 --> 00:33:30,806
find former SS members
473
00:33:31,007 --> 00:33:33,396
and convince them
speaking to the series.
474
00:33:34,047 --> 00:33:36,117
Your hardest and longest search
475
00:33:36,327 --> 00:33:38,522
was that of Himmler's officer,
Karl Wolf.
476
00:33:38,727 --> 00:33:42,925
I will quote what she said
about this research.
477
00:33:43,487 --> 00:33:46,797
"Almost a year later,
after several phone calls
478
00:33:47,007 --> 00:33:49,123
"and a letter
through a third person,
479
00:33:49,327 --> 00:33:51,602
"I finally met the old man.
480
00:33:51,807 --> 00:33:54,685
"But it wasn't at his house,
I still didn't know where it was,
481
00:33:54,887 --> 00:33:56,764
"but in a hotel in Berlin.
482
00:33:57,367 --> 00:33:59,164
"He was charming,
483
00:33:59,367 --> 00:34:02,120
"very different from the fantastic
character we imagined.
484
00:34:02,327 --> 00:34:06,605
"And so began the long process
to establish trust.
485
00:34:08,007 --> 00:34:10,601
"I went to his house several times.
486
00:34:10,887 --> 00:34:14,960
"Agreed to talk about topics that
claimed to have direct knowledge.
487
00:34:15,167 --> 00:34:18,398
I wanted to explain to us
the ideology of the SS."
488
00:34:18,607 --> 00:34:20,996
A contract was drawn up
489
00:34:21,207 --> 00:34:25,678
which gave him the opportunity to read
the transcription of the entire interview,
490
00:34:25,887 --> 00:34:29,038
to check
the factual precision of what he said.
491
00:34:30,127 --> 00:34:32,641
The interview was long and difficult.
492
00:34:32,847 --> 00:34:34,997
It lasted a whole day.
493
00:34:35,407 --> 00:34:36,681
"After lunch..."
494
00:34:36,927 --> 00:34:39,157
Says Sue McConeky
and this was being filmed:
495
00:34:39,367 --> 00:34:42,040
"After lunch
I asked him to repeat the story
496
00:34:42,247 --> 00:34:44,681
"that he told me one night
while we were having dinner,
497
00:34:44,887 --> 00:34:48,243
"about an incident in Minzk
where he was present.
498
00:34:48,447 --> 00:34:52,042
"One hundred people were slaughtered
to a mass grave
499
00:34:52,247 --> 00:34:56,638
"as a demonstration to Himmler,
which he became grumpy when he saw it.
500
00:34:57,727 --> 00:35:00,036
"Wolf looked a little surprised.
501
00:35:00,247 --> 00:35:02,715
"I forgot
that you mentioned that.
502
00:35:02,927 --> 00:35:05,521
“Then the coil ran out.
503
00:35:05,727 --> 00:35:08,560
"I wondered if, after
to have time to think,
504
00:35:08,767 --> 00:35:11,804
"I would tell the story again.
But it did.
505
00:35:12,487 --> 00:35:14,796
I was relieved,"
says our researcher,
506
00:35:15,007 --> 00:35:17,316
"Not only did I get the story,
507
00:35:17,527 --> 00:35:22,442
"but for having had time to think
the consequences of such a decision.
508
00:35:22,647 --> 00:35:24,877
"So I would feel
less responsible,
509
00:35:25,087 --> 00:35:29,160
if he ended up in court
after the series is broadcast."
510
00:35:30,687 --> 00:35:33,121
Whenever the lies come
511
00:35:33,327 --> 00:35:36,683
that there was no massacre
to the Jews, nor a burnt offering,
512
00:35:36,887 --> 00:35:40,038
I'm grateful
through the world archives
513
00:35:40,247 --> 00:35:43,205
be available to Sue McConeky
and their peers,
514
00:35:43,407 --> 00:35:47,605
for the effort she made to achieve
record the interview with Karl Wolf.
515
00:35:48,927 --> 00:35:51,521
She spent days
with SS men
516
00:35:51,727 --> 00:35:54,366
and nights having nightmares about them.
517
00:35:54,887 --> 00:35:58,846
He listened to them, without judging them
and neither did I.
518
00:35:59,047 --> 00:36:02,517
I decided to leave the criticism
of all the witnesses
519
00:36:02,727 --> 00:36:04,365
for you, the viewer.
520
00:36:04,567 --> 00:36:07,559
I can't guarantee
that they tell the whole truth
521
00:36:07,767 --> 00:36:09,883
or even the truth
that you are willing to accept.
522
00:36:10,567 --> 00:36:13,161
We will show you three Germans
very different.
523
00:36:13,367 --> 00:36:17,679
One of them is Albert Speer,
Hitler's war minister,
524
00:36:17,887 --> 00:36:20,526
telling how they knew
what they knew
525
00:36:20,727 --> 00:36:24,322
and what they thought they could do
to save the Jews of Europe.
526
00:36:25,127 --> 00:36:29,882
Cristobel Billenberg's husband
was a conspirator against Hitler.
527
00:36:30,087 --> 00:36:31,520
He was out,
528
00:36:31,727 --> 00:36:33,797
when they asked the woman
to give shelter to two Jews.
529
00:36:34,007 --> 00:36:35,520
She asked a neighbor for her opinion.
530
00:36:35,887 --> 00:36:38,276
I was amazed,
completely devastated
531
00:36:38,487 --> 00:36:41,638
with the answer
that I got from my neighbor.
532
00:36:41,847 --> 00:36:46,159
He told me that under no circumstances
I could give shelter to those people.
533
00:36:47,287 --> 00:36:50,040
Provide shelter to Jews
meant concentration camp
534
00:36:50,247 --> 00:36:53,842
not just for me, but for
my husband and perhaps my children.
535
00:36:55,767 --> 00:36:58,565
I remember going
several times on the road
536
00:36:59,127 --> 00:37:04,121
and it appeared...
a voice from the darkness.
537
00:37:04,327 --> 00:37:06,636
I knew someone was there.
A voice said...
538
00:37:14,167 --> 00:37:16,283
It means: "Have you made a decision yet?"
539
00:37:18,047 --> 00:37:21,562
Simply
I couldn't say no.
540
00:37:21,767 --> 00:37:22,961
So I replied:
541
00:37:23,167 --> 00:37:27,001
"They can only stay
for two days."
542
00:37:32,767 --> 00:37:34,997
I let them go to the basement.
543
00:37:37,207 --> 00:37:39,243
They stayed for two days
544
00:37:41,527 --> 00:37:45,076
and on the second day,
545
00:37:46,367 --> 00:37:48,244
They must have been out at night.
546
00:37:48,447 --> 00:37:51,280
The next morning
she was no longer there,
547
00:37:52,167 --> 00:37:53,759
the basement was empty,
548
00:37:53,967 --> 00:37:57,596
the bed I had put there
it was done
549
00:37:58,527 --> 00:37:59,926
and they were no longer there.
550
00:38:01,927 --> 00:38:03,565
I found out later
551
00:38:03,767 --> 00:38:08,204
who were caught buying
a ticket at the train station
552
00:38:09,407 --> 00:38:12,046
and were taken to Auschwitz.
553
00:38:13,727 --> 00:38:18,642
I say this is the story
that it is most difficult for me to tell,
554
00:38:18,847 --> 00:38:21,202
because after their departure,
555
00:38:22,007 --> 00:38:27,081
I realized that Hitler had me
transformed into a murderer.
556
00:38:30,287 --> 00:38:32,676
One day in 1944,
557
00:38:32,887 --> 00:38:36,357
deputy district chief Hanke
came into my office
558
00:38:36,567 --> 00:38:42,961
and told me that he had visited a field
concentration in North Silia
559
00:38:43,167 --> 00:38:47,797
and warned me never to go
to a concentration camp,
560
00:38:48,007 --> 00:38:50,726
because they happened there
horrible things.
561
00:38:51,567 --> 00:38:57,881
This, along with other clues
I received, they should have...
562
00:38:59,367 --> 00:39:03,565
They should have taken me away immediately
with Hitler or Himmler,
563
00:39:04,127 --> 00:39:06,516
to ask them
what was going on.
564
00:39:06,727 --> 00:39:09,924
Should have taken
my own measurements.
565
00:39:10,127 --> 00:39:16,157
But I didn't and haven't done,
I think nowadays,
566
00:39:16,367 --> 00:39:18,835
It was the biggest mistake of my life.
567
00:39:19,447 --> 00:39:23,918
We thought that people
They should have known what was going on.
568
00:39:24,127 --> 00:39:25,799
Berlin Housewife
569
00:39:26,007 --> 00:39:30,000
I had an experience one day,
570
00:39:30,207 --> 00:39:33,438
I was in line to buy
vegetables or something similar.
571
00:39:34,527 --> 00:39:37,325
I told my neighbors
who were there,
572
00:39:37,527 --> 00:39:40,325
that they had started
to kill the Jews
573
00:39:40,527 --> 00:39:43,246
in concentration camps
574
00:39:43,447 --> 00:39:47,360
and that wasn't true
who were taken just to live there,
575
00:39:47,567 --> 00:39:49,956
just as they lived here,
as they were told.
576
00:39:50,167 --> 00:39:53,318
They are killed and even make soap
with their remains.
577
00:39:54,287 --> 00:39:55,879
I know!
578
00:39:57,447 --> 00:39:58,641
They told me:
579
00:39:58,847 --> 00:40:02,078
"Mrs. Bonhoeffer, if you don't stop
to tell these horrible stories,
580
00:40:02,287 --> 00:40:04,357
"it will still stop
to a concentration camp
581
00:40:04,567 --> 00:40:06,319
"and no one can help her.
582
00:40:06,527 --> 00:40:09,166
"It's not true what you're saying
and you shouldn't believe these things.
583
00:40:09,367 --> 00:40:12,279
"You heard it on the news broadcasts
foreigners.
584
00:40:12,487 --> 00:40:15,604
They just say that
for Germany to have more enemies."
585
00:40:16,407 --> 00:40:21,276
I replied: "It's not from the transmissions,
I know from a direct and safe source.
586
00:40:21,487 --> 00:40:23,682
You can be sure
that this happens."
587
00:40:23,887 --> 00:40:27,243
I returned home
and at night I told my husband.
588
00:40:28,327 --> 00:40:32,445
He wasn't happy with me at all,
quite the opposite.
589
00:40:32,647 --> 00:40:36,720
Said, "My dear,
sorry for what I'm going to tell you,
590
00:40:36,927 --> 00:40:39,885
"but it's absolutely absurd
what are you doing.
591
00:40:40,567 --> 00:40:42,125
"Try to understand
592
00:40:43,007 --> 00:40:46,204
"that the dictatorship
It's like a snake.
593
00:40:47,327 --> 00:40:50,000
"If you step on its tail,
594
00:40:50,207 --> 00:40:53,438
"If you step on it, it will bite you
595
00:40:54,047 --> 00:40:55,639
"and so you don't help anyone.
596
00:40:56,727 --> 00:40:58,797
You have to attack the head."
597
00:40:59,807 --> 00:41:05,245
I believe that these witnesses
reveal something genuine.
598
00:41:05,447 --> 00:41:09,440
We don't judge them, but a little
Juxtaposition helps.
599
00:41:10,287 --> 00:41:14,838
Emmi Bonhoeffer's husband,
Klaus, and his brother-in-law, Dietrich,
600
00:41:15,047 --> 00:41:17,322
were among
Hitler's greatest opponents
601
00:41:17,527 --> 00:41:20,485
and they both paid with their lives
for your courage.
602
00:41:21,727 --> 00:41:24,685
What kind of story
� "The World at War"?
603
00:41:24,887 --> 00:41:27,355
It is a television narrative story.
604
00:41:27,567 --> 00:41:31,879
Does not propose different interpretations
of a series of events,
605
00:41:32,087 --> 00:41:34,043
but weigh all the evidence,
606
00:41:34,247 --> 00:41:38,035
invite you to reflect on all the
as we present them
607
00:41:38,247 --> 00:41:41,159
and eventually fix one of the tests
and gives it more relevance.
608
00:41:41,887 --> 00:41:44,117
Written history does this
609
00:41:44,327 --> 00:41:46,841
and the reader
you can go back to the previous page
610
00:41:47,047 --> 00:41:49,322
or even, if you want,
to the previous chapter,
611
00:41:49,527 --> 00:41:52,246
to check something
that you have not understood.
612
00:41:53,127 --> 00:41:56,403
But television, like music,
occurs in real time
613
00:41:56,607 --> 00:41:59,599
and the spectator, unless he is
watching a videotape,
614
00:41:59,807 --> 00:42:01,877
You can't go back.
615
00:42:02,447 --> 00:42:04,358
Thus, the program producer,
616
00:42:04,567 --> 00:42:08,526
You have to report the facts clearly
for the viewer to follow.
617
00:42:08,727 --> 00:42:11,764
When we try
answer a question
618
00:42:11,967 --> 00:42:13,923
that always confused
war historians,
619
00:42:14,127 --> 00:42:18,643
we decided to present what
we believe and present this.
620
00:42:19,647 --> 00:42:21,797
But it's important
that you, spectators,
621
00:42:22,007 --> 00:42:25,238
understand that we,
the producers, we made the selection.
622
00:42:25,447 --> 00:42:27,802
We have no idea
that the true story
623
00:42:28,007 --> 00:42:31,158
It's always more complex
than we present it.
624
00:42:31,847 --> 00:42:34,122
There is only
two thousand words of narration
625
00:42:34,327 --> 00:42:35,840
in most episodes of the series.
626
00:42:36,047 --> 00:42:38,242
We have no idea,
We hope you too,
627
00:42:38,447 --> 00:42:40,802
the amount of facts
that we had to leave aside.
628
00:42:41,007 --> 00:42:43,157
We try to be clear
629
00:42:43,367 --> 00:42:46,200
and we also tried
Don't be too simplistic.
630
00:42:46,967 --> 00:42:50,846
We wanted to hear different
experiences and diverse opinions.
631
00:42:51,687 --> 00:42:54,326
Overall,
I believe the series works well,
632
00:42:55,687 --> 00:42:58,918
because they are implicit
in the narrative line
633
00:42:58,967 --> 00:43:02,880
contrasts and even contradictions.
634
00:43:02,967 --> 00:43:05,845
For example, those who bombed
Germany and Japan,
635
00:43:06,047 --> 00:43:08,322
They did their job.
636
00:43:08,527 --> 00:43:12,600
Those bombed, including
many innocent people suffered.
637
00:43:13,327 --> 00:43:16,478
The hindsight
allows both sides
638
00:43:16,687 --> 00:43:18,996
see how others
acted and suffered,
639
00:43:19,207 --> 00:43:21,323
in a way
who at the time didn't understand.
640
00:43:22,167 --> 00:43:25,318
We had to leave aside some
of the stories they told us.
641
00:43:25,527 --> 00:43:27,483
But as they were too good,
642
00:43:27,687 --> 00:43:31,236
we did longer episodes,
where we insert them.
643
00:43:32,367 --> 00:43:35,518
Cristobel Billenberg remembers
of a strange incident
644
00:43:35,727 --> 00:43:37,797
that happened in your life,
in Nazi Germany.
645
00:43:38,007 --> 00:43:39,599
The war was ending
646
00:43:39,807 --> 00:43:43,083
and the horror of what had been done
and it was still done,
647
00:43:43,287 --> 00:43:44,959
It could no longer be hidden.
648
00:43:45,447 --> 00:43:46,880
Almost at the end of the war,
649
00:43:47,087 --> 00:43:50,318
I had to travel from Berlin
to the Black Forest.
650
00:43:51,367 --> 00:43:53,961
By chance,
651
00:43:54,167 --> 00:43:58,763
I traveled in the same carriage
than an SS officer.
652
00:44:01,687 --> 00:44:05,362
A raid had started
and the train started moving.
653
00:44:05,567 --> 00:44:07,842
Most people
got out of the carriage.
654
00:44:08,047 --> 00:44:11,801
Meanwhile, I heard a voice say:
"It would be better if we stayed quiet.
655
00:44:12,007 --> 00:44:16,922
The train must resume its journey
and we were left alone in the carriage."
656
00:44:17,607 --> 00:44:22,965
And, indeed, in the carriage
It was just me and the SS officer.
657
00:44:23,167 --> 00:44:27,080
We were left alone
during many hours of travel.
658
00:44:27,767 --> 00:44:30,839
He told me he was going to the front.
659
00:44:31,727 --> 00:44:34,560
Your only wish
was to be killed.
660
00:44:35,727 --> 00:44:39,197
He had tried over and over again,
661
00:44:39,407 --> 00:44:42,399
but he always managed to survive
in all the battles he participated in.
662
00:44:43,447 --> 00:44:46,996
He was transferred
for the Waffen SS,
663
00:44:47,207 --> 00:44:49,357
i.e.
the military troops of the SS,
664
00:44:50,887 --> 00:44:53,640
He was always in the middle of battles,
but he always survived.
665
00:44:55,087 --> 00:45:00,605
He told me that, in Poland,
they had...
666
00:45:03,767 --> 00:45:06,839
He had belonged
to one of the commands
667
00:45:07,047 --> 00:45:10,483
who were called
extermination commands.
668
00:45:11,647 --> 00:45:13,683
On a certain occasion,
669
00:45:13,887 --> 00:45:16,526
in which the Jews
were gathered in a semicircle,
670
00:45:17,487 --> 00:45:19,876
with half-open pits
behind them,
671
00:45:22,047 --> 00:45:27,963
the machine guns
They were ready and in the ranks...
672
00:45:29,527 --> 00:45:32,758
of Jews who were there,
673
00:45:34,127 --> 00:45:36,402
a good-looking individual
approached him,
674
00:45:36,607 --> 00:45:39,917
I remember he said he had
long hair, he must have been a priest.
675
00:45:41,087 --> 00:45:44,841
And he said, "God is watching
what are you doing."
676
00:45:46,287 --> 00:45:51,202
He told me they shot him down
before he returns to the semicircle.
677
00:45:52,287 --> 00:45:57,236
Another little boy,
before that episode happened,
678
00:45:58,127 --> 00:46:02,325
asked him:
"Am I all right, Uncle?"
679
00:46:04,007 --> 00:46:06,316
He confided in me that he would never
I would forget those things.
680
00:46:07,527 --> 00:46:12,521
Then your only wish
it was, as I said, dying.
681
00:46:13,367 --> 00:46:16,245
I traveled with that man
all night.
682
00:46:18,087 --> 00:46:21,841
The carriage had no windows,
so it was very cold.
683
00:46:22,567 --> 00:46:25,604
I remember waking up
in the middle of the night
684
00:46:26,407 --> 00:46:29,638
and, strange as it may seem, he had the
my head resting on your shoulder.
685
00:46:31,007 --> 00:46:34,841
And he had covered my knees
with his sheepskin coat.
686
00:46:36,047 --> 00:46:38,686
When I woke up again,
he was no longer there.
687
00:46:40,047 --> 00:46:43,926
Her head on his shoulder and the
his coat covering his knees.
688
00:46:44,367 --> 00:46:47,518
Details like this are not
are found in history books.
689
00:46:48,167 --> 00:46:52,001
But it's stories like this
that make History on TV popular.
690
00:46:53,247 --> 00:46:57,126
The Second World War
cost more than 50 million lives
691
00:46:57,327 --> 00:46:59,158
and shaped the world in which we live.
692
00:46:59,567 --> 00:47:02,445
The USA came out of isolation,
693
00:47:02,647 --> 00:47:06,117
becoming the greatest power
on the world stage.
694
00:47:06,807 --> 00:47:09,765
Also the Soviet Union
emerged from isolation
695
00:47:09,967 --> 00:47:12,117
and imposed his influence
in half of Europe.
696
00:47:12,807 --> 00:47:14,798
Germany was divided.
697
00:47:15,007 --> 00:47:17,965
There was peace in Europe
for more than 50 years.
698
00:47:18,767 --> 00:47:20,962
The history of the Second World War,
699
00:47:21,167 --> 00:47:24,079
It's a story with a dark beginning,
but a happy ending.
700
00:47:24,887 --> 00:47:27,879
Mussolini's fascism,
Japan's militarism
701
00:47:28,087 --> 00:47:30,965
and Hitler's Nazism
were destroyed.
702
00:47:31,167 --> 00:47:33,237
The good ones won.
703
00:47:43,500 --> 00:47:46,500
Translation and subtitling
Magda Campos / SlNTAGMA - CCBS
704
00:47:47,500 --> 00:47:50,700
Subtitles ripped and adapted by:
boi_cavalo